Ch5-CaspertS

toc **HOMEWORK**

=__ Lesson 1: Motion Characteristics for Circular Motion __= **Speed & Velocity: So Similar, Yet So Different** Even in circular motion, speed and velocity are both "distance over time". It is just that distance in a circular is measured as 2*pi*radius as appose to measuring a straight line. And just like before velocity is the "total distance over time" while speed is the "net distance over time".

While talking about acceleration in uniform circle motion, most students think it is equal to 0 because there is a constant velocity. The misconception here is that acceleration refers to speed and not velocity. Speed takes direction into account and certainly in a uniform circle motion, the direction is constantly changing. Therefore, there can be a value other than 0 for acceleration.
 * The Common Misconception of Acceleration**

In a uniform circular motion, there is an inward acceleration acting upon the object moving in the circle. This net force that acts towards the center of the circle is known as the centripetal force. All objects moving in a circle experience this force pushing or pulling it towards the center of the circle.
 * What's the Mysterious Force Causing Acceleration**

Centrifugal means "away from the center or outward". While talking about circular motion, many people tend to think there is an outward force on the object. THIS IS NOT TRUE! There is a centripetal force or inward force on the object.
 * Centrifugal! Not to be Confused with Centripetal**

While analyzing the motion of objects in a circe, we analzye speed, acceleration, and force. As for net force, net force is equal to "m*4*R*pi^2 / T^2". It is also equal to "V^2 / r" and also "m*a".
 * Trending Lines, Math Galore**

=__Lesson 2: Application of Circular Motion__= Newton's 2nd law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting upon the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object, or "net force = mass*acceleration". Putting this into conect with circular motion, the centripetal force acting upon the object is directed inwards. So, for example, a car that is driving in a circle, friction pointing inwards is its centripetal force. Applying the concept of a centripetal force requirement, we know that the net force acting upon the object is directed inwards.
 * How can Newton's 2nd Law be put in context with circulation motion?**

The clothoid loops in a roller coster are the most obvious section where centripetal acceleration occurs. As a roller coaster rider travels through a clothoid loop, she experiences an acceleration due to both a change in speed and a change in direction.
 * Where is the physics in amusement parks?**

The most common area where circular motion is in sporting events in turns. Any turn can be seen as a part of a circle. A person is moving with an inward acceleration, towards the center of the circle. There would also be a centripetal force requirement for such a motion.
 * Where is the physics in sporting events?**

=__Lesson 3: Universal Gravitation__= From a young age, children know the word "gravity", whether it be due to a baseball being thrown up in the air or milk spilling off a table. Where gravity now must be understood is through its cause, its source, and its implications on the motion of objects.
 * Looking Beyond the Name of Gravity**

Johannes Kepler came up with three laws of planetary motion. The first said the paths of planets around the sun are elliptical in shape. The second said that an imaginary line from the center of the sun to the center of a planet will sweep out equal areas in equal time intervals. And the third stated that the ratio of squares of periods of two planets is equal to the ratio of cubes of their average distance from the sun.
 * The Planet Laws**

Newton was able to come up with a law of universal gravitation that extends gravity beyond Earth. He discovered that gravitation is unverisal. All objects attract to each other through gravitational attraction. The force of gravity between 2 objects is equal to "Mass1*Mass2 / Distance between 2 objects".
 * Gravity to the Earth & Beyond**

Newton's law of universal gravitation said that the gravitation attraction between 2 objects is directly proportion to the products of their masses and inversely proportional to the distance between their centers. That gave an equation of "F = G*M1*M2 / d^2 ". Cavendish came up with an experiment to determine the constant G, which turns out to be a very, very small number.
 * The Power of G**

A laws was introduced to find the force of gravity with which an object is attracted to earth. They came up with " F = G * M-earth * m / d^2". With a little algebra we are able to find the acceleration of gravity which equals "G * M-earth / d^2 ".
 * How Much Is an Object Really Attracted to Earth?**

=__Lesson 2: The Clockwork Universe__= In the 16th century, the scientific debate centered around Earth's position in the universe. Copernicus was the first person to outwardly question the accepted answer that Earth was in the center of the universe. He was known to have a heliocentric view on the Earth.
 * The Great Space Adventures**

Rene Descartes discovered that problems in geometry can be used from problems in algebra. The coordinate grid was made so that each point has an x-component and y-component. By using algebra, we can make equations for different lines and shapes.
 * How was Coordinate Geometry Born?**

Newton was around at the time where all of these astronomical questions were present. What he did different from everyone else is that Newton was ablet to provide a synthesis of scientific knowledge by discovering a convincing quantitative framework that seemed to underlie everything else. Newton didn't concentrate on motion but rather deviation from steady motion.
 * Talk About Being the Right Man in the Right Place**

Newton was able to prove that a planet revolves around the sun in an elliptical orbit, like Keppler said, just to a more in-depth extent. Newton's ideas became the study of mechanics (force and motion).
 * Newton's Gaining Some Support**

=__Lesson 4: Planetary and Satellite Motion__= Johannes Kepler created three laws of planetary motion. The first law is known as the law of ellipses and talks about the planets orbit around the sun. The second law (Law of Equal Areas) talks about the speed at which a planet orbits the sun. The third law (Law of Harmonies) compares the orbital period and radius of orbit of a planet to those of other planets.
 * Not 1, Not 2, But 3 Laws of Kepler**

A satellite is an objects that orbits any massive body. They can be natural satellites (planets, moons) or man-made satellites. A satellite is a projectile by which the only thing acting on it is gravity.
 * The Traveling Space Monster**

Newton's laws don't only talk about objects on Earth but it also extends to space. To find the velocity of a satellite it is equal to
 * The Broad Nature of THE LAWS**

. This is just one example but all 3 of Newton's laws can be applied to planets, moons, comets, etc.

People in space often feel a sense of weightlessness, the same feeling as those on a roller coaster. Weightless is due to an individual having no external objecting touching his/her body or push or pull on it. This occurs when someone is in a state of free fall.
 * The Wonders of Space**

The orbits of satellites can either be circular or elliptical. When motion is seen from an energy perspective, the work-energy theorem shows us that the initial amount of total mechanical energy of system plus the work done by the external forces on that system is equal to the final amount of total mechanical energy of the system.
 * The Energy of Motion**